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Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 660

2011-10-10T05:02:24Z

HReilly72:

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{{PierceHeading|660|WHITNEY GENEALOGY.|}}


profession, that of literature, and cause his name to be enrolled among the foremost
writers and thinkers of the west. With others of a literary and dramatic turn of
mind, he established the Wasatch Literary Association, which gathered to itself the
choice spirits of the city for several years, and remained, even after WHITNEY had
retired from it, a nursery and training school of literature, music and the drama.
Young WHITNEY's predilections first lay in the direction of music and the drama,
tastes no doubt imbibed from his father. In the university, as a boy, he had been
known as the first declaimer in the school. He decided in adopting a dramatic
career, and at the age of 21 was about to set out for the east in pursuance of this
design when he received a call from the church to which
he belonged (Latter Day Saints) to fill a mission in the
coal regions of Pennsylvania. He obeyed the call and
spent about a year and a half laboring as a missionary in
that state and in Ohio, during which he wrote a series of
letters to the Salt Lake Herald under the nom de plume of
Iago, which attracted considerable attention. Returning
home his eloquent sermons brought him into notice and he
[Photo] was appointed a bishop in the church. He also accepted a
position on the staff of The Deseret News, where he
remained for several years. In February, 1880, he was
elected a member of the city council by the Peoples party
and served till the fall of 1881, when he left for Europe
to fill a second mission. He remained abroad 21 months,
during which time he edited the organ of his church in
Europe, the Millenial Star, published at Liverpool. He
visited the main cities of Great Britain and the continent
ORSON F. WHITNEY. and accumulated a large store of information to be used in
his writings at a later period. Returning home in the sum-
mer [http://www.thoughtmechanics.com/ web site design atlanta] of 1883, he resumed his position on the staff of the
News, which he left a year later to accept the office of treasurer of Salt Lake City.
He acted in this capacity until February, 1890, when the defeat of his party handed
the city over to Liberal control. He was twice chosen as chancellor of the Deseret
university by the territorial legislature. He published a volume of his poetical
writings, which attracted widespread attention, in December, 1890, and is now
engaged in a history of Utah, which will be published in three volumes, and the
appearance of which is looked for with the keenest interest by all classes of citizens.
He was married December 18, 1879, to Miss Zina B. SMOOT, of Provo, and resides at
present in Salt Lake City.
9889. i. HORACE NEWELL, b. Oct 27, 1880.
9890. ii. HEBER KIMBALL, b. June 3, 1882; d. April 20, 1883.
9891. iii. EMILY, b. Jan. 20, 1885.
9892. iv. HELEN MAR, b. Aug., 1, 1887.
9893. v. MARGARET, b. Aug. 24, 1889.

[[Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 603#C9267|9267]]. HORACE GIBSON WHITNEY (Horace K., Newel K., Samuel, Samuel,
Samuel, Nathaniel, Nathaniel, John, John), b. Salt Lake City, Jan 6, 1858; m. Jan 10,
1884, Marion M. BEATIE, b. April 21, 1861.
The subject of this sketch is the eldest issue of the marriage of Horace Kimball
and Mary Cravath WHITNEY, and was born at Salt Lake City, Utah, on the 6th of
January, 1858. His early life was much the same as that of any other western boy,
born of intelligent and moral parents, in a region at that time - though it had been
settled for over ten years by his people - still remote from outside civilization. His
education, however, was not neglected, and a very tender age saw him under the
tutelage of the best school "marms" and masters that his native town could boast.
This early training prepared him in due time for the local university, through which
he passed with credit, excelling in rhetoric and English literature. At the age of fif-
teen, he wielded a facile and even brilliant pen, and gave promise of being a satirist
and an essayist of no mean ability. Like his father before him, he early imbibed a
passion for reading, and devoured with avidity the standard authors - poets and nov-
elists; DICKENS of the latter and GOLDSMITH of the former class being his especial
favorites. These authors probably did more to shape his literary style than any
others, and the clever imitations he sometimes gave of them, to the delight of ad-
miring friends, told how deeply their genius had impressed him. In 1873 he left the
university to engage in business, not on his own account, but as bookkeeper for a
wholesale liquor firm, which place he vacated about a year later for a more advan-


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Archive:The First Known Use of Whitney as a Surname

2011-10-10T05:02:18Z

HReilly72:

{{Breadcrumb2|Archives|Archive:Extracts}}

[[Family:Whitney, Henry Austin (1826-1889)|Henry Austin Whitney]], ''The First Known Use of Whitney as a Surname: Its Probable Signification, and Other Data'' (Boston, MA: Henry Austin Whitney, 1875).

Note: [http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=26718&cj=1&o_xid=0001029688&o_lid=0001029688 A scan] of this book is available on Ancestry.com.

----
<center>THE

FIRST KNOWN USE OF WHITNEY AS A SURNAME:

ITS PROBABLE SIGNIFICATION, AND OTHER DATA.
[by 
[[Family:Whitney, Henry Austin (1826-1889)|Henry Austin Whitney]] 
1875]
----
NOTE.</center>

:As the language used in some portions of the following pages may not be understood hereafter, it is well to state that Mr. STEPHEN WHITNEY PHOENIX, of New York, is about to print a genealogical account of the descendants of [[Family:Whitney, Henry (s1615-1673)|HENRY WHITNEY]] of Norwalk, Connecticut, his lineal maternal ancestor, and that, during the last spring, he expressed a wish to include. in his volume some part of my scattered notes and data, collected many years ago.

:As the manuscript was in various handwritings, and in inconvenient shape for one not familiar with it to arrange for the press, these selections have been printed in quarto, as uniform with other memoranda heretofore printed, and as enabling Mr. PHOENIX to readily make such extracts as he may think desirable.

:                                 [[Family:Whitney, Henry Austin (1826-1889)|HENRY AUSTIN WHITNEY]].

54 BOYLSTON STREET, BOSTON, 
October 6, 1875.
----
<center>THE FIRST KNOWN USE OF WHITNEY AS A SURNAME:

ITS PROBABLE SIGNIFICATION, AND OTHER DATA.</center>

<center>--------------------------</center>

WHITNEY, as a surname, dates back to about the time of the Norman Conquest of England, in 1066. The name itself is supposed to be of Anglo-Saxon origin; yet those who first assumed it as a cognomen seem to have been of Flemish descent.* There are two towns or parishes of the name in England; and, although now spelled differently, they were for many centuries spelled in the same various ways, and are, possibly, identical in their signification. ''Witney'', in Oxfordshire, we find written Witney (the present use), Wittney, Witenie, Witeney, Witteneye, Wytney, Wyttney, Wyteney, Wytteneye, Whiteneye, Whitteneye, Whitney; and the parish of ''Whitney'', in Herefordshire, whence the surname, we also find written Whitney (the present use), Whiteney, Whyteneye, Witenie, &c.

:The Rev. Dr. Giles, in his history of Witney and the neighboring parishes, in Oxfordshire, published in London, in 1852, thus refers to the signification of the name: "But, if Witney received any fresh peculiarity of character from the Saxons, it certainly takes its name from the occupation of that busy and plodding race of men. The Witan-eye, or, as it is also written in the Anglo-Saxon or old English dialect, Witan-ige, evidently signifies the ''island of the wise men or of the Parliament;'' it is well known that the Saxons -- far more respectful, in that particular, toward their senate than we their descendants, -- always attributed ''wisdom'' as the chief, and, in fact, necessary virtue of their representatives. Thus the word Witney means, etymologically, Parliament Isle, though no record has been handed down to us to tell for what reason such a name was given. There is a large house still named Parliament House, at the corner of the Crofts Lane, which, to the minds of some, conveys a tradition concerning the etymology of the name Witney; but other persons, perhaps too much given to matter of fact, and insensible to the delusions of fancy, reject the notion, altogether."

<center>* See page viii, and note.</center>
----
<center>vi</center>

:Such is the view of Dr. Giles, but it is known that the place of assembling of the Anglo-Saxon Parliament, or Witena-gemot as it was termed, was not fixed; and in Turner's "History of the Anglo-Saxons"* numerous places of meeting are mentioned, and the author adds, "Perhaps the place of their meeting depended on the King's residence at the time, and was fixed by his convenience." The word gemot was only properly used to designate the great national council, but the witan, or wise-men of the folc or shire, were sometimes assembled and received this designation; and from such a ''witena-gemot'', if not from a national council there held, Whitney in Herefordshire and Witney in Oxfordshire may have received their name, -- Witena, the Anglo-Saxon genitive of Witan, signifying "of the wisdom, or of the wise men," giving the name of itself, without reference to the compound derivation suggested by Dr. Giles.

:This possible derivation of the name was mentioned to the late Mr. H. G. Somerby, who, under date of December 2, 1859, wrote from London as follows: "Mr. Watts, an officer in the British Museum, and the great linguist there, fully coincides with your views in regard to the signification of the word Whitney." The following note from Thomas Wright, the eminent Anglo-Saxon scholar, makes other suggestions: "I think Dr. Giles's derivation of Witney in Oxfordshire a very probable one. Some meeting of the Witan, or leading men of the district, had probably been held there, and the island had been named from it, like what is now called Magna charta Island in the Thames. But the great difficulty in fixing the derivation and meaning of these local names arises from the circumstance that the name is in far the majority of cases derived from that of a Saxon possessor of the land. I should think Whitney is not the same thing as Witney: it has either something to do with White; or it perhaps contains a man's name, as Hwitenes-ege, the island belonging to Hwitene. One would get some help in the derivation, if we found the spelling of the name in some very early deed, or in Domesday, before it had become so much corrupted."

:There is certainly no improbability in supposing that ige or ege, signifying island, was the termination of the Herefordshire Whitney, situated as it was on the river Wye, and at times overflowed by it. Indeed, the old church was entirely washed away by the mountain torrents previous to 1740.

:As our knowledge of the use of Whitney, as the name of a family, is derived from Domesday-book, and as that most remarkable record is constantly referred to in English history, the following brief account of it is extracted from Hume's History of England:§ --

{| width=100%
| valign=top width=50% |   * Sixth edition. London, 1836. Vol. III. p.212. 
  Dated Feb. 1, 1860. 
  In Domesday, Whitney of Herefordshire is spelled Witenie.
| valign=top |   § Vol. I., Chap. IV. pp. 229-30. Longman's ed. London, 1848.
|}

----
<center>vii</center>

<blockquote>
:In 1081, six years before the death of the Conqueror, "the state of. affairs, gave, William leisure to begin and finish an undertaking, which proves his extensive genius and does honor to his memory: it was a general survey of all the lands in the kingdom, their extent in each district, their proprietors, tenures, value; the quantity of meadow, pasture, wood, and arable land, which they contained; and in some counties the number of tenants, cottagers, and slaves of all denominations, who lived upon them. He appointed commissioners for this purpose, who entered every particular in their register by the verdict of juries; and, after a labor of six years (for the work was so long in finishing), brought him an exact account of all the landed property of his kingdom. This monument, called Doomsday-book, the most valuable piece of antiquity possessed by any nation, is still preserved .in the Exchequer; and, though only some extracts of it have hitherto been published, it serves to illustrate to us, in many particulars, the ancient state of England." Hume wrote in 1760; and the book remained in manuscript for seven centuries,* a fee being exacted for the privilege of making extracts from it. It may now be found in print in most large libraries.

:In 1804-12 the Rev. John Duncumb published, in two quarto volumes, "Collections towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford." Not receiving sufficient encouragement, he did not complete the second volume; and the collections for the hundred of Grimsworth, in which Whitney was included, were never printed. Under the head of the "Parish of Pencomb," however we find an extract from Domesday-book, with other data relating to those of the name which are here given.

<center>--------------------------</center>

<center>PARISH OF PENCOMB.</center>

:PENCOMB is bounded on the north by Grendon, on the east by Bromyard, on the south by Ullingswick, and on the west by part of Bodenham. Pencomb, being situated at the upper end of a valley, derives its name from the British ''Pen'', "a head," or upper end, and ''Cwm'', "a valley."

:"After the conflicts between Edmund Ironside and Canute, England being to be divided between them, Ronig was made sheriff of Herefordshire, and by force took ''Pencofan'' from the church of Worcester. [A.D. 1017.]

:Pencomb was held soon after the Conquest by Agnes, widow of [[Family:Turstin (s1045-a1086)|Turstinus Flandrensis]], who was one of the landholders in this county, and thus noticed in the Survey of Domesday: --
</blockquote>

{| width=100%
| valign=top width=50% |   * Domesday-book was published by order of Parliament, Volumes I. and II. in 1783; Volume III. in 1811, and volume IV. in 1816.
| valign=top |   Vol. II., pp. 149, 150-51. 
  Mon. Aug. Note p. 133; ibid., 118.
|}

----
<center>viii</center>

:"Agnes, relicta [[Family:Turstin (s1045-a1086)|Turstini Flandrens]] is, et [[Family:Eustace (s1075-a1100)|Eustacius]] Miles, filius ejus, do minus, de Whiteney, dederunt ecclesiae Sancti Petri Glocest: unam hidam terre in Pencomb Sudenhalle, liberam ab omni re, tempore Reginaldi Abbatis."*

:[[Family:Eustace (s1075-a1100)|Eustace]], son of Agnes, assumed the name of Whitney from his possessions, and thus established a family of that name, which was long situated at Whitney in the hundred of Grimsworth, and which, with their pedigree, will be particularly noticed in the collections for that parish.

:In the reign of Henry III. Pencombe was stated to consist of fifteen hides of land, one moiety of which was held by [[Family:Whitney, John de (fl. c1250)|John de Whytene]], of Robert Tregoz, and the other moiety by Thomas de Hemeganes, of [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (b1210-a1242)|Robert de Whytene]], by military service, and both of the honour of Ewias: --

:"In Pencombe continentur 15 hideae, und [[Family:Whitney, John de (fl. c1250)|Johannes de Whytene]], tenet medietatem de Roberto Tregoz, de honore de Ewias, de veteri feoffamento, per serv. militare, et Thomas de Hemegane alteram medietatem, de [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (b1210-a1242)|Roberto de Whytene]], et idem Robertus de eodem, &c., ut supra."

:AD. 1277 [[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1256-a1301)|Eustacius de Whytene]] presented John de Chaundos to the church of Pencombe, and had also free warren granted him here 12 Edward I.

:Afterwards [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (b1210-a1242)|Robert de Whytene]] presented Baldwyn de Whytene to the church of Pencomb.§

:In the time of John (Gilbert) Bishop of Hereford, license was granted by him to John, rector of Pencomb, to celebrate mass in his "Oratorium," as often as he pleased.||

:The name of [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|"Robertus Whiteney, Chivaler,"]] was returned in the list of gentry, &c., in this county, made by commissioners 12 Henry VI. [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|Robert Whitney]] was also sheriff of Herefordshire 1 Richard II., and, many others of this family, as will be particularised hereafter, held that and other provincial offices of trust in the subsequent reigns.

:The lords of the manor of Pencomb claimed by ancient custom a pair of gilt spurs, as an heriot, from every mayor of the city of Hereford who dies in that office.

{| width=100%
| valign=top width=50% |   * Agnes, the widow of [[Family:Turstin (s1045-a1086)|Turstin the Fleming]], and Sir [[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1256-a1301)|Eustace]] her son, Lord of Whiteney, gave to the Church of St. Peter, at Gloucester, one hide [120 acres English measure] of land in Pencomb Sudenhalle, free from all tax, in the time of the Abbot Reginald. 
  This [[Family:Turstin (s1045-a1086)|Turstin]] was the son of Rolf and held lands in Hampshire, Dorsetshire, Berkshire, Somersetshire, Devonshire, Gloucestershire, Buckinghamshire, and Wiltshire, besides his possessions in Herefordshire. ''Vide'' "Domesday Book," illustrated by Robert Kelham. London 1788, pp. 43, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 79, 89, 92. 
  There is a pedigree of the early Lords of Whitney, tracing their descent for five or six generations through a line of Welshmen with unpronounceable names, one
| valign=top | of whom, Sir Piedge Exrog, was a "Knight of ye Round Table. To King Arthyrs time he lived att his Castle at Cordmore in Cardiganshire." This is to be found in a manuscript book of pedigrees called the [[Archive:Golden Grove|"Golden Grove,"]] belonging to the Earl of Cawdor and now (1875) in the custody of the Public Record office, Chancery Lane. It was compiled, about 1703, by Owen Thomas, Deputy Assistant to Garter King-at-Arms, from papers and correspondence furnished by living representatives. This pedigree is obviously mythical for many generations.           Never published as noticed. 
  Leb. Feod. H. III.       § Reg. Trilleck. 
  || Reg. Gilbert.
|}
----
<center>ix</center>

In the reign of Elizabeth the manor continued in the Whitney family, and was held as before by military service, of the honour of Ewias: -- "Manerium de Pencomb tenetur de honore de Ewyas per servitium militare."*

:In the beginning of the eighteenth century, it was sold, with the patronage of the church, by [http://thoughtmechanics.com/ atlanta web site design], to Sir Thomas Coningsby, knt., of Hampton court, in this county, from whom it descended to the present Earl of Essex, who sold it to Richard Arkwright, esq., with the several manors, &c., as already traced in this hundred. [NOTE: Since Sir Thomas Coningsby died in 1625, this must have happened at the beginning of the ''seventeenth'' century. --''RLW'']

<center>--------------------------</center>

:The patronage of the church of Pencomb was enjoyed by the successive lords of the manor, as will appear by the following list of patrons and incumbents: --

{|
! width=40% | PATRONS.
! width=10% | A.D.
! INCUMBENTS;§
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1256-a1301)|Eustacius de Whitney]]
| 1277
| John de Chaundos.
|-
| ----- de Whitney
| 1280
| Roger de Whitney.
|-
| -----
| 12--
| -----.
|-
| (''No Patron mentioned'')
| 1342
| W. D. de Witenie.
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|Robert de Whitney]]
| 1353
| Baldwin de Whitney.
|-
| Baldwin de Whitney
| 1357
| Richard de Hurtesleigh.
|-
| -----
| 1378
| John -----.
|-
| -----
| ----
| Eustacius Whitney.
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|Robert Whitney, knt.]]
| 1419
| Robert Burleston.
|-
| The same
| 1428
| Roger Brown.
|-
| -----
| ----
| William Duckett.
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1491-1541)|Robert Whitney]]
| 1539
| John Burghill.
|-
| The Crown ([[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1525-1567)|Robert Whitney]] being a minor)
| ----
| Robert Keyson.
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1525-1567)|Robert Whitney, knt.]]
| 1567
| Thomas Waiwyn.
|-
| The same
| 1567
| Thomas Morse.
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, James (c1544-1587)|James Whitney, knt.]]
| 159-
| Walter Winston.
|}

In 1393 John Whitney was a portionary or prebend in Broxash Hundred.||

{| width=100%
| valign=top width=50% |   * Bibl. Harl. 762. 
  Richard Arkwright was a son of Sir Richard Arkwright, knt. (born 1732, died 1792), by whose mechanical genius and laudable perseverance the cotton manufactures of Great Britain have been carried to a wonderful degree of excellence. It is a somewhat curious coincidence that a son of Sir Richard Arkwright should come into the possession of a manor which had been in the Whitney family since the time the name had been used as a surname, six hundred years, from a branch of which may have descended [[Family:Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)|Eli Whitney]], the inventor of the cotton-gin, a native of Massachusetts, and a descendant in the fifth generation from [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John and Elinor Whitney]], who settled in Watertown in 1635. 
  It was the remark of Fulton that Arkwright, Watt,
| valign=top | and [[Family:Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)|Whitney]] were the three men who did most for mankind of any of their contemporaries; and Macaulay, in speaking of the cotton manufactures as existing in England in 1685, says: "The whole annual import of cotton did not amount to two million of pounds, a quantity which would now hardly supply the demand of forty-eight hours. . . . [[Family:Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)|Whitney]] had not yet taught how the raw material might be furnished in quantities almost fabulous; Arkwright had not yet taught how it might be worked up with a speed and precision which seem magical." -- ''History of England'', Vol. I. 
  For later ownership, see Green's reprint of "Whitney's Emblems," Introductory Dissertation, pp. xxxvi-ix. Manchester and London, 1866. 
  § Vol. II. p. 153.       || Vol. II. p. 81.
|}

----
<center>x</center>

<center>SHERIFFS IN COUNTY OF HEREFORD.*</center>

{| width=100%
|-
| width=40% | Reign of Richard II.
| width=10% | cir. 1377
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|Robert Whitney]].
|-
|   "       "   Henry V.
|   "   1413
|     "           [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|&quot]];
|-
|   "       "   Henry VI.
|   "   1422
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|Robert Whitney, knt.]]
|-
|   "       "   Edward IV.
|   "   1464
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1436-1494)|Robert Whitney]].
|-
|   "       "   Elizabeth.
|   "   1558
| James Whitney, knt.
|-
|   "       "         "
|   "     "
| [[Family:Whitney, Eustace (s1545-1608)|Eustace Whitney]].
|-
|   "       "   Charles I.
|   "   1625
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (1592-1653)|Robert Whitney, knt.]]
|}

<center>MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT.</center>

{| width=100%
|-
| width=40% | Reign of Edward II.
| width=10% | cir. 1307
| [[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1256-a1301)|Eustace de Whitney]].
|-
|   "       "         "     III.
|   "   1358
| [[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1283-c1352)|Eustace de Whiteney]].
|-
|   "       "         "     III.
|   "   1375
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|Robert Whitteney]].
|-
|   "       "   Richard II.
|   "   1378
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|Robert Whitteney, knt.]]
|-
|   "       "         "     II.
|   "   1380
|     "             "           [[Family:Whitney, Robert de (1318-c1380)|"]]
|-
|   "       "         "     II.
|   "   1395
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (1348-1402)|Robert Whitteney]].
|-
|   "       "   Henry V.
|   "   1417
|     "             Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|"         knt.]]
|-
|   "       "         "   VI.
|   "   1422
|     "             [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1379-1441)|"]]
|-
|   "       "   Edward IV.
|   "   1461
| [[Family:Whitney, Eustace (c1411-c1468)|Eustace Whitney]].
|-
|   "       "   Elizabeth
|   "   1558
| [[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1525-1567)|Robert Whitney, knt.]]
|}

:[[Family:Whitney, Eustace de (b1256-a1301)|Eustacius de Whiteneye]] was knighted cir. 1306. 

:[[Family:Whitney, Eustace (s1545-1608)|Eustace Whitney]], reign of Elizabeth, one 'of the commissioners of the peace.§

:In list of principal Gentry of the ,county during reign of Charles II., we find the name of [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (1622-1670)|Thomas Whitney]], of Whitney, esq.||

<center>--------------------------</center>

<center>WHITNEY'S EMBLEMS.</center>

:IN 1586, [[Family:Whitney, Geoffrey (c1548-1601)|Geffrey Whitney]], son of a father of the same name, a native of Nantwich, Cheshire, printed at Leyden his curious [[Archive:Whitney's Choice of Emblemes|book of Emblems]]. Copies of the original edition are now very scarce; but, in 1866, the Rev. Henry Green** of Knuts-

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% |   * Duncumb's "History of Hereford," Vol. I. pp.143, 4, 6, 7. 
  Vol. I. pp. 150-52, 53, 54, 55. Vol. I. p. 79. 
  § Vol., I. p.102. || Vol. I. p. 115. 
  ** The Rev. Henry Green was educated, it is believed, at the University of Glasgow, from which University he received the degree of Master of Arts. He died at Knutsford, England, August 9, 1873, in the seventy-third year of his age. Previous to the reprint of "Whitney's Emblems," he had published "Knutsford: its Traditions and History," "Six Books of Euclid for the use of Schools," "The Song of a Cat" (a
| valign=top | political squib), and a paper on "Whitney's Emblems," read before the Archaeological and Historical Society of Chester. In 1870 he published "Shakespeare and the Emblem Writers," followed in 1872 by a biographical and bibliographical study, entitled "Andrea Alciati, and his Book of Emblems;" and he edited six of the Holbein Society's ''fac-simile'' reprints. 
  His attention was first called to the quaint emblem literature by the fact that Whitney, the emblem writer, was a native of his adopted county of Chester, in the archaeology of which he took a great interest. To this accident are we indebted for the most satisfactory ac-
|}

----
<center>xi</center>

ford, England, reprinted Whitney's "Choice of Emblems," in ''fac-simile'', with an introductory dissertation, essays; literary and biographical, and explanatory notes.

:In the introductory dissertation and the, postscript thereto may be found much that is of interest relating to the author, his sister Isabel who in 1573 published some poems entitled a "Sweet Nosegay," and to the Whitneys of Herefordshire, Cheshire and other counties.

:It was the privilege of the writer to be able to furnish Mr. Green with the will of [[Family:Whitney, Geoffrey (c1548-1601)|Geffrey Whitney]], which had escaped his researches, and which is to be found in the reprint. It is but proper to add, that in his "Postscript," Mr. Green made some kindly assumptions in regard to the New England Whitneys, not altogether warranted by the documents placed in his hands.

:In the introductory dissertation to the reprint, on page xxxi, some stanzas may be found, taken from a manuscript in Major Egerton Leigh's copy of the original edition, wherein they were apparently written by some contemporary friend. As it does not seem to have been noticed by Major Leigh nor by Mr. Green that these stanzas form an incomplete acrostic, they are here given:
--
<blockquote>
"Geffry thy name subscribed with thy pen, 
Extractinge honor from the noblest men; 
ffor by thy Emblems thou dost moralize 
ffram'd Poems, fitted for all human eyes. 
Reflectinge on the naturall state of man, 
Enviinge at none, assistinge whome he cann, 
Yealdinge such frutfull rarityes that all 
Which Whitney knew may wittely him call 
Honor'd of men; what can theare more be said 
In givinge due, wheare due ought to be paid."

Whearfore like momus 'gainst him do not cry, 
Though Whitney's dedd His name shall never dye.

''Sic cecinit Joh'es Allen.''
</blockquote>

<center>--------------------------</center>

:The following extracts may be of some interest, as relating to individuals of the name: --

FROM ROGER ASCHAM'S READY WAY TO THE LATIN TONGUE.*

:And now take heed lest your scholar do not better in some point than you yourself, except you have been diligently exercised in these kinds of translating thereof.

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% | count to be found, of a class of literature which was so popular in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Italy, France, Holland, and Germany, and to a less degree in England. 
  Mr. Green entered upon these labors late in life, not only with, great enthusiasm, hut with an inbred spirit of thoroughness and exactness seldom surpassed. His zeal, industry, and erudition enabled him to accom-
| valign=top | plish a vast amount of literary work in a brief period. The materials for prosecuting his researches were not of ordinary acquirement, and the peculiarly courteous manner in which public and private collections were thrown open to his use, was a well-merited compliment to this scholarly and charming gentleman. 
  * The English Works of Roger Ascham, pp.255-57. London, 1815.
|}

----
<center>xii</center>

:I had once a proof hereof, tried by good experience, by a dear friend of mine, when I came first from Cambridge [1548] to serve the Queen's Majesty, then Lady Elizabeth, lying at worthy Sir Antony Deny's in Cheston. John Whitney, a young gentleman, was my bed-fellow; who, willing by good nature, and provoked by mine advice, began to learn the Latin tongue after the order declared in this book. We began after Christmas; I read unto him Tully ''de Amicitia'', which he did every day twice translate, out of Latin into English, and out of English into Latin again. About St. Laurence tide after, [August 10] to prove how he profited, I did choose out Torquatus' talk ''de Amicitia'', in the latter end of the first book ''de Finibus''; because that place was the same in matter, like in words and phrases, nigh to the form and fashion of sentences, as he had learned before in ''de Amicitia''. I did translate it myself into plain English, and gave it him to turn into Latin; which he did so choicely, so orderly, so without any great miss in the hardest points of grammar, that some in seven year in grammar schools, yea, and some in the university too, cannot do half so well. This worthy young gentleman, to my greatest grief, to the great lamentation of that whole house, and especially to that most noble lady, now Queen Elizabeth* herself, departed within few days out of this world.

:And if in any cause a man may without offence of God speak somewhat ungodly, surely it was some grief unto me to see him hie so hastily to God as he did. A court full of such young gentlemen, were rather a paradise than a court upon earth. And though I had never poetical head to make any verse in any tongue, yet either love, or sorrow, or both, did ring out of me then certain careful thoughts of my good will towards him; which, in my mourning for him, fell forth more by chance than either by skill or use, into this kind of misorderly metre: --
<blockquote>
Mine own John Whitney, now farewell, 
Now death doth part us twain: 
No death, but parting for a while, 
Whom life shall join again.

Therefore, my heart, cease sighs and sobs, 
Cease sorrow's seed to sow; 
Whereof no gain, but greater grief 
And hurtful care may grow.

Yet when I think upon such gifts 
Of grace, as God him lent; 
My loss, his gain, I must awhile, 
With joyful tears lament.
</blockquote>

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% |   Roger Ascham was born in 1515. A.B., Cambridge, 1534; A.M., 1536. He was thirty-three years old in 1548, when called as tutor to the "Lady Elizabeth." He died in 1568.
| valign=top |   * So that John Whitney died about August, 1549, when the "Lady Elizabeth". was thirteen years of age. 
  The alliteration in some of these lines is curious.
|}

----
<center>xiii</center>

<blockquote>
Young years to yield such fruit in court, 
Where seed of vice is sown, 
Is sometime read, in some place seen, 
Amongst us seldom-known.

His life he lead, Christ's lore to learn, 
With will to work the same; 
He read to know, and knew to live, 
And liv'd to praise his name.

So fast a friend, so foe to few, 
So good to every wight, 
I may well wish, but scarcely hope, 
Again to have in sight.

The greater joy his life to me, 
His death the greater pain: 
His life in Christ so surely set, 
Doth glad my heart again.

His life so good, his death better, 
Do mingle mirth with care, 
My spirit with joy, my flesh with grief; 
So dear a friend to spare.

Thus God the good, while they be good, 
Doth take, and leave us ill; 
That we should mend our sinful life, 
In life to tarry still.

Thus we well left, he better reft, 
In heaven to take his place, 
That by like life and death, at last, 
We may obtain like grace.

Mine own John Whitney, again farewell, 
A while thus part in twain; 
Whom pain doth part in earth, in heaven 
Great joy shall join again.
</blockquote>

FROM WALKER'S "SUFFERINGS OF THE CLERGY."*

[[Family:Whitney, James (s1575-c1616)|WHITNEY, JAMES]], D.D., DUNHEAD, ST. ANDREW'S RECTORY, WORTH ABOUT
£240 A YEAR.

:He had been Fellow of Brazen-nose College in Oxford, was sequestered about the year 1643 or 1644, by the Committee of Salisbury; after which, he was, with his Wife, supported by charity until the Restoration, when he was repossessed of his Living. His successor, on the sequestration, was one Legg, who was the son of a

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% |   * Walker's "Sufferings of the Clergy," folio, 1714. Part II. p. 408, under the head of "Wiltshire."
| valign=top |   [[Family:Whitney, James (s1575-c1616)|James Whitney]], Bachelor of Divinity, married Mary, widow of John Button of Dunhead. He died 1667.--H. A. W.
|}

----
<center>xiv</center>

Butcher, and had been a Servitor at Magdalen College in Oxford. His name is at this day, and is like to be for a great while, remembered in the Parish by an usual saying of Mr. Whitney's (who could as it seems make himself merry under his misfortunes): for when he was ask'd, "How he did," he would often say, "Very well, I thank God, only I am troubled with a bad Legg," and that Legg was very bad indeed, if all be true that is said of him; for besides that he had the character of a Turbulent, Haughty, Ill-natured Fellow, and that he refused to pay Mr. Whitney the Fifths, it is affirmed "that he treated the old butcher, his Father, in a barbarous and inhumane manner; that he was ashamed to own him, and for that reason kept him confined in his house, when the poor old man, in a dark little hole, either hanged himself, as the son said; or, as the neighbours say, was hanged by the son or his order." Mr. Whitney was a Learned, Sober, and Charitable Man.*

<center>--------------------------</center>

ABSTRACTS OF ALL THE WILLS OF WHITNEYS PROVED IN THE PREROGATIVE COURT OF CANTERBURY, AT LONDON, FROM THE EARLIEST DATE OF WILLS PROVED IN THAT COURT [1372], TO THE YEAR 1602.

1541. [[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1491-1541)|Robert Whitney]], of Iccombe, in the County of Worcester, Esq. Will dated May 10 33d H. 8., proved January 11, 1541. Wife, Margaret. Sons, [[Family:Whitney, Robert (s1491-1541)|Robert]], James, Richard, John, Charles, [[Family:Whitney, George (s1526-a1587)|George]], and William; the latter four under twenty-four years of age. Daughters, Blanche and Mary. Provides for his two illegitimate sons, Anthony and Charles.

1544. [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (s1505-1545)|THOMAS WHITNEY]], of Hay, in Brecon. Will dated May 16, 1544; proved February 18, 1544-45. Being about to go to war. Wife, Elizabeth. Son, and heir apparent, William. Son, James. Daughters, Alice and Elizabeth. Father-in-law, William David.

1544. [[Family:Whitney, James (s1493-1544)|JAMES WHITNEY]], of Troy, in the County of Monmouth. Will dated May 23, 1544; proved July 5, 1544. Gives every thing to his brothers, Charles and Thomas Herbert, of Troy, and appoints them executors.

1545. [[Family:Whitney, James (s1500-1545)|JAMES WHITNEY]]. [No place named.] Will dated August 9, 1545; proved August 14, 1545. To his wife (not named), if she be alive, 20s., and his nag. Mentions his sister Ellen Whitney, of Cheshire. Appoints his sister Agnes Whitney, now married in Smithfield, executrix. 
    [The name of the place in Cheshire, where his sister Ellen resided, is mentioned and begins with B., but it is impossible to make it out.]

1558. [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (s1500-1558)|THOMAS WHITNEY]], Clerk; sometime Abbot to the late Monastery of Delewrais [?] in the County of Stafford, suppressed. Will dated August 3, 1558; proved August 13, 1558. Desires to be buried in the monastery at Westminster. Mentions his brother John Whitney, cousins Peter and Francis Whitney, and his niece Anne Whitney. Bequeaths to his nephew Nicholas Whitney his house in Mylne Street, Leek, County Stafford.

<center>*Communicated by George W. Napier, Esq., of Alderley Edge, near Manchester, England.</center>

----
<center>xv</center>

1558. [[Family:Whitney, William (?-1563)|WILLIAM WHITNEY]], of Abergeoir in Brecon. Will dated July 1, 1558; proved May 3, 1563. About going to war towards New Haven. Son, William. Brothers, James and John. Sisters, Eleanor, Margaret, and Elizabeth. Father-in-law, William Vaughan. Speaks of a bond given by him to [[Family:Whitney, James (s1500-1564)|James Whitney]], of Clifford, and Richard Whitney, of Hardwick.

1587. [[Family:Whitney, James (c1544-1587)|JAMES WHITNEY]], of Whitney, Knt. Will dated May 28, 1587; proved June 16, 1587. Desires to be buried in the church at Whitney among his ancestors. Entails his property on his brother [[Family:Whitney, Eustace (s1545-1608)|Eustace]], and in default of male issue to the following, successively: Uncle [[Family:Whitney, George (s1526-a1587)|George Whitney]], [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (s1550-1637)|Thomas Whitney]], of Castleton. Brother Richard Whitney, James Whitney, of Clifford, and Francis Whitney of London, gent. Mentions his sister Blanche, wife of Robert Grevile. Kinswoman, Blanche Whitney, of Clifford. Julian, wife of Uncle [[Family:Whitney, George (s1526-a1587)|George Whitney]]. Uncle, William Whitney. Legacy to William Whitney, base son of Sir Robert Whitney.

1590. [[Family:Whitney, Robert (c1536-1590)|ROBERT WHITNEY]], of Thetford, County Norfolk, gent. Will dated August 17, 1590. Desires to be buried in the church of St. Peter at Thetford. Wife, Jane. Sons, Francis and George, not twenty-one. Daughter, Anne. To his brothers, Henry, Thomas the elder, Thomas the younger, and George, 40s. each to buy them rings for a remembrance. To his brother-in-law, Mr. Thomas Stuteville and his wife, testator's sister, 40s. each for rings. To Mr. John Sheringe and Edward Eaden, 20s. each for rings. Proved December 17, 1590.

1596. [[Family:Whitney, Eustace (s1475-1525)|JOHN WHITNEY]], of London, Gentleman. Will dated May 21, 39th Elizabeth; proved in the Prerogative Court, May 26, 1596 or 1597. Bequeaths to the Archbishop of Canterbury his ring of gold set with turquoise, in token of his good will towards his grace. To his nephew Eustace Whitney, of Clifford, County Hereford, Esq., £40, and his case of pistols with a touch box of latten, a horn flask and a mould for pellets. To his cousin, James Whitney, son of the said Eustace, £40, and his chain of gold weighing nine ounces, lacking threepence weight, and containing by estimation 397 links of French crown gold, also his lease of the Rectory of Clifford. To his friend Henry Maylord, his feather bed, bolster, pillows, two Spanish blankets and two Cadowes. To Elizabeth Dick, his chest. To Joan Newman, his cupboard. To Richard Wright, 40s. To cousin Thomas Whitney, of Clifford, 30s. to buy him a cloak. To Mrs. Ellen King, £21, in recompense of such money and duty as he owes her. Appoints the aforesaid James Whitney executor, and makes him residuary legatee.*

JEFFREY WHITNEY, of London, Citizen, and Merchant Tailor. Will dated October 20, 1602; proved February 8, 1602-3. Sister, Katharine, wife of John Cartwright, of Drayton-in-Hales, in Shropshire, and their children, Jeffrey, John, Jane, and Mary. Brother-in-law, Edward Mauncell. Brother-in-law, William Yeadley. Sister Yeadley. Late partner; Master William Webbe, Citizen, and Merchant Tailor, of London.

:This Jeffrey was mentioned by [[Family:Whitney, Geoffrey (c1548-1601)|Geffrey]] the Emblem-Writer in his will (proved 1601). Having bequeathed to Gefferie his nephew, son of his brother Brooke, his "Liberarie of Books," on certain conditions, he adds: "Item, I bequeath to him a

<center>* Book Cobham, folio 46.</center>

----
<center>xvi</center>

trunck with Lynnen and apparrell together with my plate remaininge in the safe custodie of my Cosen Jefferie Whitney of Draiton. Later he gives "my seale Ringe to my Cosen Geffery Whitney."

EXTRACTED FROM THE COMMISSARY'S COURT OF LONDON.

WALTER WHITNEY, Citizen, and Plasterer, of London. Will dated July 25, 1608 ; proved August 11, 1608. Desires to be buried in the church of St. Bridget, alias St. Brides, where he is a parishioner. Bequeaths to the poor of St Brides, 40s. To his mother, Jane Grinsell, the now wife of John Grinsell, £6 13s. 4d. To his brother Thomas Whitney, dwelling at York, £6 13s. 4d., and one jewel of gold that was given to testator by his cousin Jeffrey Whitney. To his brother Thomas Grinsell, of London, Ironmonger, £6 13s. 4d., and his best cloak or a mourning doak, at his choice, and his best Flanders hose. To the company of Plasterers, 40s. for a repast or supper after his burial. To his cousin Arundel, a book; and to cousin Elizabeth Arundel, his wife, a book of Emblems; and to their six children, each 5s. in gold. To Elizabeth Whitney, 5s. Several bequests of apparel and household stuff; and a musical instrument called a gittern. Appoints his wife Margaret executrix.*

:This Walter, also mentioned by [[Family:Whitney, Geoffrey (c1548-1601)|Geffrey]] the Emblem-Writer in his will, married Margaret Stoks, January 19, 1571-72, in the parish of St. Andrews, Holborn, London. His mother Jane married for her second husband John Grinsell, and had by him son Thomas Grinsell.

<center>--------------------------</center>

<center>[[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|JOHN AND ELINOR WHITNEY]],

OF

WATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS.</center>

:No connection has been traced between [[Family:Whitney, Henry (s1615-1673)|Henry Whitney]], who was of Norwalk, Connecticut, as early as 1655, and [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (s1600-1674)|Thomas]] (wife Winifred, who died 23 July, 1660) and [[Family:Whitney, Jeremiah (c1627-1711)|Jeremiah Whitney]], who are named as capable of bearing arms in Plymouth, in 1643, nor between any of the above-named emigrants and [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitney]], who in April, 1635, with his wife Elinor and five sons, embarked at London, in the ship "Elizabeth and Ann," for New England, and who in the following month of June settled in Watertown, Mass.

:As those interested in the New England families of the name will naturally refer for information to the pages of Mr. Phoenix, he has kindly permitted the insertion

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% |   * Vol. 21, folio 54. 
  "And my Brooche to my cosen Walter Whitney." -- ''Will of Geffrey Whitney''.
| valign=top |   Genealogical Register, Vol. IV. p. 256.
|}

----
<center>xvii</center>

this note, in order to state the only definite trace, aside from the custom-house record of embarkation, that has been found in England, relating to John and Elinor.

:The record of embarkation, April, 1635, gave the names and ages of the family as follows :* --
<blockquote>
{| width=100%
|-
| width=40% | [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitney]] [the father]
| width=10% | 35
| width=40% | Nathaniel
| 8
|-
| Elinor Whitney [the mother]
| 30
| [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (1627-1719)|Thomas]]
| 6
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John]]
| 11
| [[Family:Whitney, Jonathan (c1634-1703)|Jonathan]]
| 1
|-
| [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]]
| 9
|}
</blockquote>
Other sons were born in Watertown, [[Family:Whitney, Joshua (1635-1719)|Joshua]], Caleb (who died in 1640), and [[Family:Whitney, Benjamin (1643-1723)|Benjamin]].

:Shortly after preparing (in 1857) for the Genealogical Register, a more complete account of the earlier generations of the descendants of [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John and Elinor Whitney]] than was given in Bond's History and Genealogies of Watertown, I was convinced that at least the ages of the father and the two older sons, as given in the custom-house list, were understated. That these lists were not always exact, and were sometimes purposely incorrect, we have many examples ; and, in this instance, the ages were doubtless given too young through design, either to avoid some clause in the subsidy act, or some of the many embarrassments thrown in the way of emigrants.

:My belief was based upon data which escaped the critical and searching eye of Dr. Bond, the historian of Watertown, and which are as follows:--

FIRST. The death of [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitney]] is thus registered in the ''church'' records of Watertown: 1673. "[[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whetny]], widdower, deceased first of June, aged abought eighty-four years," so that, in 1635, he would have been about forty-five instead of thirty-five years of age.

:SECOND. His eldest son [[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John]], whose age was given as eleven in the list of 1635, was married in 1642, when he would have been but eighteen or nineteen years old.

:THIRD. [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]], the second son, said to be nine years of age in 1635, was excused from military training by the Court in 1691, as being "seventy years of age," when he could not have been over sixty-five by the record of embarkation.

:These facts were made known to the late Mr. James Savage, which led to the following cautious language in his " Genealogical Dictionary," published in 1862. After giving the custom-house ages, he adds, "But a slight reason may be seen for

{| width=100%
|-
| valign=top width=50% |   * To be found in a "manuscript volume in folio, containing the names of persons permitted to embark at the port of London, after Christmas, 1634, to the same period in the following year." This volume is now in the Rolls Office, Chancery Lane, London, the entry referred to being on page 35.
| valign=top |   See, also, same record in Vol. III. of the Third Series, Mass. Hist. Collections ; Vol. XIV. Genealogical Register ; and in Drake's "Founders of New England," Boston, 1860 and 1865.
|}

----
<center>xviii</center>

thinking one of these ages too low; as, in the record of Watertown, the father is called at his death, 1 June, 1673, eighty-four years old, and [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]] was released from training in 1691, 'being seventy years of age,' when he could only be sixty-five, if the custom-house report be accepted."*

:At the time, the reasons given for thinking the custom-house report incorrect seemed far from slight; but, in 1871, my theory was confirmed by the discovery of the dates of baptism of the two older sons, together with that of a daughter Mary, of whom we know nothing, and who probably died previous to the emigration, at which time, if living, she would have been sixteen or seventeen years old.

:The late Mr. H. G. Somerby wrote to me from London, under date of January 11, 1871, that the previous day he had occasion to search the parish register of Isleworth; about nine miles from London on the banks of the Thames, opposite Richmond, and that he had there accidentally found the registry of baptism of three of [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John and Elinor Whitney]]'s children, namely : Mary, May 23, 1619; [[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John]], September 14, 1621; and [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]], January 6, 1623-24.

:It will be noticed that [[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John]] the eldest son was fourteen years old or more in 1635; instead of eleven, and twenty-one years old when married in 1642; and that [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]] was twelve years or more in 1635, instead of nine, and in 1691 was at least in his sixty-eighth year when excused from "training." It is probable that [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John and Elinor]] left Isleworth shortly after the baptism of [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]] in 1624; as no further trace of them is to be found there. No kinship has been discovered between them and the other Whitneys whose names appear in the Isleworth registry, the following abstract from which was furnished by Mr. Somerby, who wrote under date of April 10, 1871: "I have been to Isleworth again, and carefully searched the registers from their beginning down to 1650, extracting every name of Whitney. There were several courts for the probate of Wills in the County of Middlesex, among them the Archdeaconry of Middlesex, which embraced the parish of Isleworth; but the wills anterior to 1660 have not been preserved."

:The parish registers of Isleworth begin in 1566:--
<blockquote>
<center>BAPTIZED.</center>
{| width=100%
|-
| width=15% | 1574.
| width=20% | July 5.
| Nicholas Whitneye, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitney]].
|-
| 1575-76.
| February 26.
| Wyllyam Whitneye, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1579.
| September 27.
| Roger Whitneye, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1581.
| November 26.
| Lawrence Whitneye, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1583-84.
| January 4.
| Robert Whitneye, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1586.
| August 3.
| Elizabeth Whitneye, the dawghter of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1590.
| July 12.
| Gedeon Whitney, the sonne of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitney]].
|}
</blockquote>

<center>* Savage's Gen. Dict., Vol. IV. page 529.</center>

----
<center>xix</center>

<blockquote>
{| width=100%
|-
| width=15% | 1619.
| width=20% | May 23.
| [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitne]], Ellen his wife, had there daughter Mary baptiz.
|-
| 1621.
| September 14.
| [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitne]], & Ellin his wife, had [[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John]] there son baptized.
|-
| 1623-24.
| January 6.
| [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John Whitne]], & Elinor his wife, had the[re] sone [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard]] baptized.
|}

<center>MARRIED.</center>
{|
|-
| width=15% | 1573.
| width=20% | September 17.
| [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]] and Elizabeth Smyth.
|}

<center>BURIED.</center>
{|
|-
| width=15% | 1573.
| width=20% | July 24.
| Johan Whitneye, the wife of [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1591.
| October 28.
| [[Family:Whitney, William (1550?-1591)|Willyam Whitneye]].
|-
| 1604-5.
| January 12.
| Margaret ye daughter of [[Family:Whitney, Thomas (s1550-1637)|Thomas Whitneye]].
|-
| 1614-15.
| January 9.
| Robert Whitney.
|}
</blockquote>

Under burials, as a matter of eccentricity as to name:--
<center>1645. October 8. ''Leviathan'', the daughter of Doctor Dickes.</center>
----
Copyright © 2002, 2006 The [[Whitney Research Group]]

[[Category: Medieval]]
[[Category: England]]
[[Category: Cheshire, England]]
[[Category: Nantwich, Cheshire, England]]
[[Category: Herefordshire, England]]
[[Category: Whitney, Herefordshire, England]]
[[Category: Pencombe, Herefordshire, England]]
[[Category: Middlesex, England]]
[[Category: Isleworth, Middlesex, England]]
[[Category: Oxfordshire, England]]
[[Category: Witney, Oxfordshire, England]]
[[Category: Wiltshire, England]]
[[Category: Dunhead, Wiltshire, England]]

Archive:Eli Whitney (1765-1825)

2011-10-10T05:02:12Z

HReilly72:

{{Breadcrumb2|Archives|Archive:Biographies}}

== Eli Whitney, Inventor of the Cotton Gin ==

[[Archive:Ancestry of Eli Whitney (1765-1825)|His full ancestry and information about his descendants]] is available on-line.

Family Group Records -
[[Family:Whitney, Eli (1765-1825)|'''Eli7 Whitney''']],
[[Family:Whitney, Eli (1740-1807)|Eli6]],
[[Family:Whitney, Nathaniel (1696-1776)|Nathaniel5]],
[[Family:Whitney, Nathaniel (1675-1730)|Nathaniel4]],
[[Family:Whitney, Nathaniel (1647-1733)|Nathaniel3]],
[[Family:Whitney, John (1621-1692)|John2]],
[[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John1]],

----
From [http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Eli%20Whitney The Free Dictionary]:

Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 - January 8, 1825) was an American inventor and manufacturer who is credited with creating the first cotton gin in 1793. The cotton gin was a mechanical device which removed the seeds from cotton, a process which was until that time extremely labor-intensive.

Whitney's greatest contribution to American industry was the development and implementation of the American System of manufacturing and the assembly line, which he was the first to use when producing muskets for the U.S. Government. Whitney's concepts were later exploited by Henry Ford and others in manufacturing.

There exists question today over whether the cotton gin, which Whitney received a patent for on March 14, 1794, and its constituent elements should rightly be attributed to Eli Whitney; some contend that Catherine Littlefield Greene should be credited with the invention of the cotton gin, or at least its conception. It is known that she associated with Eli Whitney (along with other historical figures such as George and Martha Washington). Some historians believe that this invention allowed for the African slavery system in the Southern United States to become more sustainable at a critical point in its development.

Born in Westborough, Massachusetts, he was graduated from Yale College in 1792. While his ideas were innovative and useful, they were so easy to understand and reproduce that the concepts and designs were readily duplicated by others. Whitney's company that produced cotton gins went out of business in 1797.

He never patented his later inventions, one of which was a milling machine.

Portrait of Eli Whitney: [[Image:WRG Photo 111.jpg|right|300px|'''Eli Whitney.''']]

[[Image:EliWhitney.jpg]]

----

From the ''New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia'', Release 6:

===Whitney, Eli===

The inventor of the cotton gin and a pioneer in the use of mass production methods, Eli Whitney was born in Westboro, Mass., on Dec. 8, 1765, and died on Jan. 8, 1825. He graduated from Yale College in 1792 and by April 1793 had designed [http://thoughtmechanics.com/ web design atlanta georgia] and constructed a machine called a cotton gin that quickly and easily separated cottonseed from the short-staple cotton fiber. Whitney's cotton gin was capable of maintaining a daily output of 23 kg (50 lb) of cleaned cotton, and its effect was far-reaching, making southern cotton a profitable crop for the first time. Whitney, however, failed to profit from his invention. Numerous imitations appeared, and his 1794 patent was not validated until 1807.

In 1798, Whitney obtained a government contract to make 10,000 muskets. He demonstrated that machine tools--manned by workers who did not need the highly specialized skills of gunsmiths--could produce standardized parts to exact specifications, and that any part could be used as a component of any musket. The firearms factory he built in New Haven, Conn., was thus one of the first to use mass production methods.

Bibliography:

* Green, Constance McLaughlin, ''Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology'' (1956)
* Mirsky, Jeanette, and Nevins, Allan, ''The World of Eli Whitney'' (1952; repr. 1962)
* Olmsted, Denison, ''Memoir of Eli Whitney, Esq.'' (1846; repr. 1972)

----
On 17 Mar 1998, [mailto:AjamesWhit@aol.com Jim Whitney] wrote:

:"Eli [Whitney] spent quite a bit of time in the New Haven, Connecticut area, where he studied as a student at Yale. I believe there is a museum at Whitneyville, which is a suburb of New Haven. The museum is in an old mill where he worked on a number of inventions. ....

:"As a bit of trivia, he could not afford to attend Yale after being accepted there and worked as a teacher in Paxton, Massachusetts, a town just north of Worcester in central Massachusetts. The headmaster allowed Eli to stay at his house so he could save his teaching stipend for his Yale expenses. This is how he was able to afford to go to Yale."

----

===Cotton Gin===

The cotton gin is a device for removing the seeds from cotton fiber. In ancient India a machine called a charka was developed to separate the seeds from the lint when the fiber was pulled through a set of rollers. The charka worked well on long-staple cotton, but variations of this machine used in colonial America could not be adapted for short-staple cotton. For the latter, cottonseed had to be removed by hand, work that was usually performed by slaves.

A machine for cleaning short-staple cotton was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. His cotton engine consisted of spiked teeth mounted on a boxed revolving cylinder which, when turned by a crank, pulled the cotton fiber through small slotted openings so as to separate the seeds from the lint. Simultaneously a rotating brush, operated via a belt and pulleys, removed the fibrous lint from the projecting spikes. Although patented in 1794, the design was imitated so much by others that Whitney gained only a modest financial reward from his simple but ingenious invention.

The gin, with subsequent innovations, made the raising of short-staple cotton highly profitable and thereby revived the institution of slavery. Through the use of horse-drawn and water-powered gins, the ginning process was speeded up enormously. This permitted increased cotton production and lowered costs. As a result, cotton became the cheapest and most widely used textile fabric in the world.

With the advent of mechanical cotton pickers in the 20th century, it became necessary to refine the gin further. Among many modern improvements are devices for removing trash, drying, moisturizing, fractioning fiber, sorting, cleaning, and baling in 218-kg (480-lb) bundles. Using electric power and air-blast or suction techniques, highly automated gins handle 14 metric tons (15 U.S. tons) of cotton an hour.

Edward L. Schapsmeier

* Green, C.M., ''Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology'' (1965)
* MacMurray, R. R., ''Technological Change in the American Cotton Spinning Industry, 1790-1836'' (1977)
* Mitchell, Broadus, ''Rise of Cotton Mills in the South'' (1921; repr. 1968)

----

From [mailto:carbery@winshop.com.au Amanda Carbery]

===The Age of History - King Cotton===

By the late 1780s the textile industry had been transformed. Machines had solved most problems
and could now do nearly everything, from spinning thread to presing and rolling the finshing
cloth. The demand for raw cotton soared. But here was another problem. It was simple enough
to grow cotton, but difficult to clean the cotton 'bolls'. Once the answer had been found, cotton
went on to become the most important product in the world.

===Whitney's Gin===

The southern states of the USA had once grown rich on tobacco and rice and cheap slave labour. Now the land was exhausted and slavery was in decline. Cotton farms made little money because it was so hard to separate the long cotton fibres from the gren seeds. It took 20 hours of hard work to produce one kilogram of cotton.

Then, in 1793, farmer's son Eli Whitney designed his cotton gin. This was a wooden drum stuck with hooks. As it turned, the hooks pulled the cotton fibres through a mesh. The seeds would not fit through the mesh and fell outside. With this simple machine, Whitney made cotton-growing a big business. Now, a worker could clean fifty times more cotton than before.

===Slavery in the South===

The effect of Whitney's invention was dramatic. Vast new areas of land in the southern states were planted with cotton.

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===Links===

* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Whitney Eli Whitney article on Wikipedia.org]
* [http://www.mulberrygrove.org/ Mulberry Grove Plantation], near Savannah, GA, where Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, is a "National Register site of national significance."
* [http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/mulberrygrovehistmarker.htm Mulberry Grove Plantation Historical Marker]
* [http://www.eliwhitney.org/main.htm Eli Whitney Museum], New Haven, CT
* [http://www.eliwhitney.org/memoir/ Memoir of Eli Whitney's Life]
* [http://ccwf.cc.utexas.edu/~quinn/localpages/Eli.html Eli Whitney page]
* [http://technology.ksc.nasa.gov/ETEAM/whitney.html Eli Whitney biography]
* [[Archive:Eli Whitney Letters|Four Eli Whitney letters]]
* [[Archive:Ancestry of Eli Whitney (1765-1825)|Ancestry and descendants]]
* [http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/108.html Eli Whitney]
* [http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/2D/02DB9000.htm Whitney, Eli, an Encarta Encyclopedia Article Titled "Whitney, Eli"]
* [http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0767198.html Whitney, Eli]

===Song===
'''They All Laughed'''

''From the MGM Picture "Shall We Dance"
Music by George Gershwin; Lyric by Ira Gershwin
Performed by Ginger Rogers''

[Verse]
The odds were a hundred to one against me
The world thought the heights were too high to climb
But people from Missouri never incensed me
Oh, I wasn't a bit concerned
For from history I had learned
How many, many times the world had turned

[Chorus]
They all laughed at Christopher Columbus
When he said the world was round
They all laughed when Edison recorded sound
They all laughed at Wilbur and his brother
When they said that man could fly

They told Marconi
Wireless was a phony
It's the same old cry
They laughed at me wanting you
Said I was reaching for the moon
But oh, you came through
Now they'll have to change their tune

They all said we never could be happy
They laughed at us and how!
But ho, ho, ho!
Who's got the last laugh now?

They all laughed at Rockefeller Center
Now they're fighting to get in
They all laughed at '''Whitney and his cotton gin'''
They all laughed at Fulton and his steamboat
Hershey and his chocolate bar

Ford and his Lizzie
Kept the laughers busy
That's how people are
They laughed at me wanting you
Said it would be, "Hello, Goodbye."
But oh, you came through
Now they're eating humble pie

They all said we'd never get together
Darling, let's take a bow
For ho, ho, ho!
Who's got the last laugh?
Hee, hee, hee!
Let's at the past, laugh
Ha, ha, ha!
Who's got the last laugh now?

----
Copyright © 1999, 2006, The [[Whitney Research Group]].

[[Category:Biographies]]

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from business some thirteen years before his death. The death of his son Lewis
was a deep affliction to him, and he survived his death only seven months. He went
to the cellar to prepare his furnace fires and fell in a paralytic shock, living only
forty hours afterward. He was a steady, quiet, honest man, respected by all. He is
buried at Upham's Corner, Dorchester, Mass., He d. Jan. 14, 1890., res. Boston,
Mass.
5850. i. MARTHA E., b. July 13, 1851; m. July 7, 1870, Charles H. SMALL:
res. 52 F street, So. Boston. He was b. New Bedford, Mass.,
Oct. 23, 1846; d. Mar. 13, 1892. Ch.: Mabel I., b. July 4, 1875.
[[Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 570#P5851|5851]]. ii. [[Family:Whitney, Frank R. (1853-a1885)|FRANK R.]], b. Mar. 25, 1853; m. Ella PINTO.
5852. iii. LEWIS ALFRED, b. Dec. 22, 1855 unm.; d. June 7 1889. He was
born in Boston, educated at the public schools and the Preston
School of Design. He learned the trade of stencil cutter and
engraver, but was obliged to give up his work on account of an
injury to his knee. For seven years he was confined to the
house, and during that time executed many elegant oil paint-
ings, which still remain in the family.
5853. iv. CHARLES ALFRED, b. June 14, 1871; d. July 28, 1871.

[[Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 215#C3124|3124]]. CAPT. [[Family:Whitney, Joseph Paul (1825-1893)|JOSEPH PAUL WHITNEY]] ([[Family:Whitney, William (1784-1859)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Elijah (1750-1821)|Elijah]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1718-1793)|John]], [[Family:Whitney, William (1678-1754)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Joshua (1635-1719)|Joshua]],
[[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John]]), b. Mar. 1, 1825; m. in New Orleans, La., Aug. 25, 1854, Troy Gertrude HOPE,
b. Norfolk, Va., Aug. 30, 1838. Joseph Paul was born in Norwich, Vt., in 1825. At
the age of 19 he went to New Orleans, La., where he resided until 1888, when he
moved with his family to Chicago. During the Civil war he served in the Confed-
erate army. Of late years, on account of partial paralysis, he was incapacitated for
manual labor. He d. Aug. 7, 1893; res. Chicago, Ill., 541 Fay St., Lake View.
5854. i. JOSEPH G., b. Aug., 1855; d. Aug., 1856.
5855. ii. JOHN L.; b. Mar., 1857; d. Nov., 1858.
5856. iii. MARY FRANCES, b. Oct. 19, 18--; m.
5857. iv. BENZETTE, b. Apr. 25, 18--.
5858. v. CRESCENTA, b. Mar. 9, 18--.
5859. vi. TROY, b. Dec. 5, 1863; m. Sept. 18, 1889, Frank K. BUMSTEAD; b.
Dec. 12, 1864; res. 419 Cleveland Ave., Chicago, Ill. Ch.: Whit-
ney Vandewater, b. Nov. 19, 1892; Iris, b. July 30, 1891; d. Nov.
24, 1891.

[[Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 215#C3127|3127]]. [[Family:Whitney, Levi Charles (1832-1867)|LEVI CHARLES WHITNEY]] ([[Family:Whitney, William (1784-1859)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Elijah (1750-1821)|Elijah]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1718-1793)|John]], [[Family:Whitney, William (1678-1754)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Joshua (1635-1719)|Joshua]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John]]),
b. Norwich, Vt., Jan. 6, 1832; m. Mary Eliza PENNINGTON. He was born in the Green
Mountain state, and with his brothers Henry and Charles migrated to New Orleans.
Was pilot on the Mississippi river when the war broke out, and joined the Confed-
erate navy, being impressed into the service. He d. Dec. 10, 1867, res. New
Orleans, La.
5860. i. ALFRED LEWIS, b. New Orleans, Mar.
31, 1865; m. Jan. 1, 1888, Mary Louise
LYNCH, b. Apr. 12, 1865. He is a clerk,
s.p.; res. 9 Haynes St., East Boston,
Mass.
5861. ii. ROBERT L., b. -----. He res. in Bos-
ton, is employed on the Herald.
5862. iii. -----, b. -----; m. Evan H. MORGAN; [http://thoughtmechanics.com/ atlanta web design]
res. Baltimore, Md.
5863. iv. ROBERTA HARP, b. Dec. 7, 1861; m.
John Thomas SEWARD, Aug. 19, 1877;
res. New Orleans, La., Cor. Clouet and
Chartres Sts. He was b. Apr. 3, 1853.
Ch..: Alfred Henry, b. June 22, 1879.

[[Archive:The Descendants of John Whitney, page 215#C3128|3128]]. [[Family:Whitney, Lewis Lafayette (1824-a1880)|LEWIS LAFAYETTE WHITNEY]] ([[Family:Whitney, William (1784-1859)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Elijah (1750-1821)|Elijah]],
[[Family:Whitney, John (1718-1793)|John]], [[Family:Whitney, William (1678-1754)|William]], [[Family:Whitney, Joshua (1635-1719)|Joshua]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John]]), b. Norwich, VT., Jan. 6, 1824;
m. June 1, 1850, Hannah Humphrey CLAMP; d. Aug. 29, 1892. LEWIS LAFAYETTE WHITNEY.
He is a graduate of Bridgewater Normal school, class of
1843. Taught school six years; has been chairman of the school committee in Wo-
burn four years; is justice of the peace; is one of the Woburn cemetery commis-
sioners, and superintendent of the Woburn cemetery for many years; executor of many
wills; executor, trustee; administrator and guardian; member of the public library
committee, etc., Res. Woburn, Mass.


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