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{{Breadcrumb2|Archives|Archive:Biographies}}

<h3>Hassler Whitney (1907-1989)</h3>

Who Was Who in America, vol. X, pp. 385-386:

:WHITNEY, HASSLER, mathematician; b. N.Y.C., Mar. 23, 1907; s. Edward Baldwin and A. Josepha (Newcomb) W.; m. Margaret R. Howell, May 30, 1930; children: James Newcomb, Carol, Marian; m. Mary Barnett Garfield, Jan. 16, 1955; children: Sarah Newcomb, Emily Baldwin; m. Barbara Floyd Osterman, Feb. 8, 1986. PhB, Yale U., 1928, MusB, 1929, ScD (hon.), 1947; PhD, Harvard U., 1932. Instr. math. Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass., 1930-31, 33-35, NRC fellow math., 1931-33, asst. prof., 1935-40; assoc. prof., 1940-46, prof., 1946-52; prof. Inst. Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., 1952-77, prof. emeritus, 1977-89; chmn. math. panel NSF, 1953-56; exchange prof. Coll. de France, 1957; mem. com. support of research in math. scis. NRC, 1966-67; pres. Internat. Commn. Math. Instrn., 1979-82; research math. Nat. Def. Research Com., 1943-45; cons. sch. math. Recipient Nat. Medal of Sci., 1976, Wolf prize Wolf Found., 1983. Mem. NAS, Am. Math. Soc. (Colloquium lectr. 1946, v.p. 1948-50, editor Am. Jour. Math., 1944-49, editor Math. Revs. 1949-54, chmn. com. vis. lectureship, 1946-51, com. summer insts. 1953-54, Steel prize 1985), Math. Assn. Am., Nat. Council Tchrs. Math., Swiss Math. Soc. (hon.), Académie des Scis. (fgn. assoc.), N.Y. Acad. of Scis. Club: Am. Alpine (N.Y.C.). Home: Princeton, N.J. Died May 10, 1989; buried Mont Dents Blanches, Switzerland.

:For a mathematical biography, see the one at the [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Whitney.html MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive] at St. Andrews University, Scotland. His collected papers have been published, and can be purchased on-line at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0817635602/inktomi-bkasin-20/002-3253653-4639236 Amazon.com].

:In addition to an illustrious career as a mathematician, culminating with the [http://www.aquanet.co.il/wolf/wolf5.html Wolf Prize in 1982] and the [http://www.ams.org/secretary/prizes.html Steele Prize in 1985], he was also an avid mountain-climber. The Whitney-Gilman Ridge in New Hampshire was named for him and a cousin, who were the first to climb it. For more on that aspect of his life, see [http://www.melhuish.org/climb/ a rock climbing web page] created by his grandson.

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From [http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hassler%20Whitney The FreeDictionary]:

:Hassler Whitney (23 March 1907 - 10 May 1989) was an American mathematician, who was one of the founders of singularity theory. He was born in New York City, and graduated from Yale University in 1928. He then did research work at Harvard University, under G.D. Birkhoff, writing a Ph.D in graph theory (1932). He then held positions at Harvard until 1952 (professor from 1946), moving to the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. He retired in 1977, and died in Switzerland.

:He was awarded a Wolf Prize in mathematics in 1983, and a Steele Prize in 1985.

:In 1935 Whitney proved that any differential manifold of dimension n may be embedded in R2n, and immersed in R2n-1. This basic result shows that manifolds may be treated intrinsically or extrinsically, as we wish. The intrinsic definition had only been published a few years earlier in the work of Oswald Veblen and J.H.C. Whitehead. These theorems opened the way for much more refined studies: of embedding, immersion and also of smoothing, that is, the possibility of having various smooth structures on a given topological manifold. The argument of Whitney is necessarily of general position type.

:A few years later, Whitney wrote the foundational paper on matroids. This is apparently a chapter of combinatorics; it has in recent years been seen increasingly as related to the fine structure of Grassmannians. In fact the idea of stratification, used for that application and many others, was also introduced by Whitney, in a precise form (his conditions A and B).

:The singularities in low dimension of smooth mappings, later to come to prominence in the work of Thom, were also first studied by Whitney.

:His book Geometric Integration Theory gives a theoretical basis for Stokes' theorem applied with singularities on the boundary.

:These aspects of Whitney's work have looked more unified, in retrospect and with the general development of singularity theory in its aspect of the failure of smoothness. Whitney's purely topological work (Stiefel-Whitney class, basic results on vector bundles) entered the mainstream more quickly.

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His lineage: Hassler10 WHITNEY (Edward Baldwin9, William Dwight8, Josiah Dwight7, Abel6, Aaron5, Moses4, Moses3, Richard2, John1).

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Copyright © 1999, 2006, The Whitney Research Group

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 His lineage:  Hassler<sup>10</sup> WHITNEY (Edward Baldwin<sup>9</sup>, [[Family:Whitney, William Dwight (1827-1894)|Prof. William Dwight<sup>8</sup>, Ph. D., Ll. D.]], [[Family:Whitney, Josiah Dwight (1786-1869)|Josiah Dwight<sup>7</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Abel (1756-1807)|Abel<sup>6</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Aaron (1714-1779)|Aaron<sup>5</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1689-1778)|Moses<sup>4</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1655-a1729)|Moses<sup>3</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard<sup>2</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John<sup>1</sup>]],
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-Copyright &copy; 1999, 2006, The Whitney Research Group
+Copyright &copy; 1999, 2006, The [[Whitney Research Group]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Breadcrumb2|Archives|Archive:Biographies}}
-<h3>Hassler Whitney (1907-1989)</h3>
+=== Hassler Whitney (1907-1989) ===
-<i>Who Was Who in America</i>, vol. X, pp. 385-386:
+''Who Was Who in America'', vol. X, pp. 385-386:
-:<b>WHITNEY, HASSLER,</b> mathematician; b. N.Y.C., Mar. 23, 1907; s. Edward Baldwin and A. Josepha (Newcomb) W.; m. Margaret R. Howell, May 30, 1930; children:  James Newcomb, Carol, Marian; m. Mary Barnett Garfield, Jan. 16,  1955; children:  Sarah Newcomb, Emily Baldwin; m. Barbara Floyd Osterman, Feb. 8, 1986.  PhB, Yale U., 1928, MusB, 1929, ScD (hon.), 1947; PhD, Harvard U., 1932.  Instr. math. Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass., 1930-31, 33-35, NRC fellow math., 1931-33, asst. prof., 1935-40; assoc. prof., 1940-46, prof., 1946-52; prof. Inst. Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., 1952-77, prof. emeritus, 1977-89; chmn. math. panel NSF, 1953-56; exchange prof. Coll. de France, 1957; mem. com. support of research in math. scis. NRC, 1966-67; pres. Internat. Commn. Math. Instrn., 1979-82; research math. Nat. Def. Research Com., 1943-45; cons. sch. math.  Recipient Nat. Medal of Sci., 1976, Wolf prize Wolf Found., 1983.  Mem. NAS, Am. Math. Soc. (Colloquium lectr. 1946, v.p. 1948-50, editor Am. Jour. Math., 1944-49, editor Math. Revs. 1949-54, chmn. com. vis. lectureship, 1946-51, com. summer insts. 1953-54, Steel prize 1985), Math. Assn. Am., Nat. Council Tchrs. Math., Swiss Math. Soc. (hon.), Acad&#233;mie des Scis. (fgn. assoc.), N.Y. Acad. of Scis.  Club:  Am. Alpine (N.Y.C.).  Home:  Princeton, N.J.  Died May 10, 1989; buried Mont Dents Blanches, Switzerland.
+:'''WHITNEY, HASSLER,''' mathematician; b. N.Y.C., Mar. 23, 1907; s. Edward Baldwin and A. Josepha (Newcomb) W.; m. Margaret R. Howell, May 30, 1930; children:  James Newcomb, Carol, Marian; m. Mary Barnett Garfield, Jan. 16,  1955; children:  Sarah Newcomb, Emily Baldwin; m. Barbara Floyd Osterman, Feb. 8, 1986.  PhB, Yale U., 1928, MusB, 1929, ScD (hon.), 1947; PhD, Harvard U., 1932.  Instr. math. Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass., 1930-31, 33-35, NRC fellow math., 1931-33, asst. prof., 1935-40; assoc. prof., 1940-46, prof., 1946-52; prof. Inst. Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., 1952-77, prof. emeritus, 1977-89; chmn. math. panel NSF, 1953-56; exchange prof. Coll. de France, 1957; mem. com. support of research in math. scis. NRC, 1966-67; pres. Internat. Commn. Math. Instrn., 1979-82; research math. Nat. Def. Research Com., 1943-45; cons. sch. math.  Recipient Nat. Medal of Sci., 1976, Wolf prize Wolf Found., 1983.  Mem. NAS, Am. Math. Soc. (Colloquium lectr. 1946, v.p. 1948-50, editor Am. Jour. Math., 1944-49, editor Math. Revs. 1949-54, chmn. com. vis. lectureship, 1946-51, com. summer insts. 1953-54, Steel prize 1985), Math. Assn. Am., Nat. Council Tchrs. Math., Swiss Math. Soc. (hon.), Acad&#233;mie des Scis. (fgn. assoc.), N.Y. Acad. of Scis.  Club:  Am. Alpine (N.Y.C.).  Home:  Princeton, N.J.  Died May 10, 1989; buried Mont Dents Blanches, Switzerland.
 :For a mathematical biography, see the one at the [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Whitney.html MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive] at St. Andrews University, Scotland.  His collected papers have been published, and can be purchased on-line at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0817635602/inktomi-bkasin-20/002-3253653-4639236 Amazon.com].

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ----
-His lineage:  Hassler<sup>10</sup> WHITNEY ([[Family:Whitney, William Dwight (1827-1894)|Prof. William Dwight<sup>8</sup>, Ph. D., Ll. D.]], [[Family:Whitney, Josiah Dwight (1786-1869)|Josiah Dwight<sup>7</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Abel (1756-1807)|Abel<sup>6</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Aaron (1714-1779)|Aaron<sup>5</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1689-1778)|Moses<sup>4</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1655-a1729)|Moses<sup>3</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard<sup>2</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John<sup>1</sup>]],
+His lineage:  Hassler<sup>10</sup> WHITNEY (Edward Baldwin<sup>9</sup>, [[Family:Whitney, William Dwight (1827-1894)|Prof. William Dwight<sup>8</sup>, Ph. D., Ll. D.]], [[Family:Whitney, Josiah Dwight (1786-1869)|Josiah Dwight<sup>7</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Abel (1756-1807)|Abel<sup>6</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Aaron (1714-1779)|Aaron<sup>5</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1689-1778)|Moses<sup>4</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1655-a1729)|Moses<sup>3</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard<sup>2</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John<sup>1</sup>]],
 ----
 Copyright &copy; 1999, 2006, The Whitney Research Group

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ----
-His lineage:  Hassler<sup>10</sup> WHITNEY (Edward Baldwin<sup>9</sup>, William Dwight<sup>8</sup>, Josiah Dwight<sup>7</sup>, Abel<sup>6</sup>, Aaron<sup>5</sup>, Moses<sup>4</sup>, Moses<sup>3</sup>, Richard<sup>2</sup>, John<sup>1</sup>).
+His lineage:  Hassler<sup>10</sup> WHITNEY ([[Family:Whitney, William Dwight (1827-1894)|Prof. William Dwight<sup>8</sup>, Ph. D., Ll. D.]], [[Family:Whitney, Josiah Dwight (1786-1869)|Josiah Dwight<sup>7</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Abel (1756-1807)|Abel<sup>6</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Aaron (1714-1779)|Aaron<sup>5</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1689-1778)|Moses<sup>4</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Moses (1655-a1729)|Moses<sup>3</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, Richard (1624-a1691)|Richard<sup>2</sup>]], [[Family:Whitney, John (1592-1673)|John<sup>1</sup>]],
 ----
 Copyright &copy; 1999, 2006, The Whitney Research Group

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 :A few years later, Whitney wrote the foundational paper on matroids.  This is apparently a chapter of combinatorics; it has in recent years been seen increasingly as related to the fine structure of Grassmannians.  In fact the idea of stratification, used for that application and many others, was also introduced by Whitney, in a precise form (his conditions A and B).<p>
-:The singularities in low dimension of smooth mappings, later to come to prominence in the work of Thom, were also first studied by Whitney.<p>
+:The singularities in low dimension of smooth mappings, later to come to prominence in the work of Thom, were also first studied by Whitney.
 :His book Geometric Integration Theory gives a theoretical basis for Stokes' theorem applied with singularities on the boundary.